Corporate finance Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Corporate finance - Research Paper ExampleEven though the CLNE is at its previous(predicate) stages of development, the caller-up already owns and operates many inherent gas supply stations and is a global attraction in developing the natural gas vehicle market. The company deals with many areas of natural gas clientele including compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) fueling construction and operation of natural gas fueling stations compressor equipment and technology biomethane production and vehicle conversion (qtd in Investorideas.com). The company fuels oer 530 fleet customers and 25,000 vehicles every day at over 273 stations across the fall in States and Canada. In addition, the brass instrument has a strong customer base in transit, trucking, shuttle, taxi, airport, solid waste, and municipal fleet markets (Investorideas.com). Similarly, Apache Corporation is a multinational gas and oil corporation headquartered at Texas in the United States. In addition to US, the company has regional subsidiaries and operations in Canada, UK North Sea, Australia, Argentina, and Egypt. As of 2012, the firms market capitalization is estimated at nearly $35 billion. The Apache was founded in 1954 and the organization expanded its business horizons mainly through acquisitions. This paper go out critically analyze the investment opportunities in both the firms and suggest which firm offers the best long confines value for the investor. Natural gas labor analysis Porters five forces model is utilise here to analyze the natural gas industry in the United States. The five forces in the industry are described below. Degree of rivalry While analyzing the US natural gas industry, the degree of competitory rivalry is less as a result of unpopularity of natural gas resources. Currently, there are a few natural gas providers in each states of the US. This favorable business situation increases the scope of investments in the natural gas industry. Threat of new entrants A study conducted by the Navigant Consulting reveals that North America has seemly reserves of natural gas to supply for at least 120 years (U.S Department of Energy). Hence, the United States has abundance of natural gas resources and this strength makes the country an attractive place for business investments. As a result, new players are more likely to enter the natural gas market and therefore the panic of new entrants is high. Threat of substitutes There are many substitutes to natural gas including liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and biogas. Today, LPG is widely used in US for transportation proposes due to its easier availability and highly effective performance. In addition, the development of hybrid electric vehicles also appears to be a growth impediment to vehicle fueling natural gas. Hence, the threat of substitutes can be moderate to high in the natural gas industry. emptor power Since the level of competition intensity is low in the natural gas industry, buyers have confine options to choose the provider. Hence, there are not much alternative to buyers but to choose any of the modified available providers. From other perspective, vehicle fueling natural gas has a number of potential substitutes and indeed buyers may switch their demand to those products. In short, buyer power is low in the

The Nursing Shortage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Nursing Shortage - Essay ExampleIt is vital to write out that recruitment is non enough to assure an adequate supply of nurses. American Nurses Association has created a guinea pig initiative to deal with the issues that have galvanized the profession. Every hospital in the country must focus on two remembering and recruitment as future cornerstones of an adequate workforce.A palm for shortage as defined by IOM is a condition whereby there are not enough of professional nurses to deliver the goods quality of care of patients (as cited in Quinn, 2002, p.2). National studies and reports have identified factors that have led to a central treat shortage the aging of society (Martin et al., 2001) an aging nursing workforce (Buerhaus, Staiger, and Auerbach, 2000a Minnick 2000) a decline in nursing enrollments (American Association of Colleges or Nursing AACN, 2001) this shortage is uniquely serious in that it is connected to both an increased demand for, and also a decreased supply of nurses. on that point have been lots of articles publish in both nursing journals and public newspaper across the country about the worldwide nursing shortage. First and foremost is aging of the nursing workforce. The average age of nurses in the United States is 46 (Buerhaus, 2000). There has also been declining enrollment in nursing programs over the past decade, as women are able to hit into other science focused roles besides nursing (Buerhaus, 2000). Also, highschool counselors tend not to recommend nursing to male or female students interested in science.The salary structures in many health care facilities keep experienced registered nurses at lower salaries compared to other industries. A decreasing emphasis on retention of working nurses by many hospitals has caused nurses to feel that their concerns about stress and patient safety are not being heard or acted upon. Poorly trained managers or brusque, unkind preceptors often leave mental faculty nurses feeling u ndervalued and not appreciated.The

Milgram Study findings and importance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Milgram Study findings and importance - Essay ExampleMilgram audition involved three of import characters, namely the experimenter (E), the case or the t severallyer (T) and the bookman (L). The experimenter (authority) and the recipient or the pupil plays some mystery roles, not to be known by the subject. The subject is make to believe that for e rattling wrong declaration the recipient is subjected to some electric shock, however, in reality the learner was never subjected to such punishments. The learner who should be an actor plays some pre-corded sound to convince the subject that he/ she truly receives the electric shock. The teacher and learner are put in two separate rooms where they do not see each other, but can communicate to each other. The teacher is provided with some words to teach the learner. The teacher was made to read the initial pair of words then enables the learner to predict the possible match, the teacher in like manner reads for possible answers the n the learner gave his/ her feedback by pressing a certain button to select the compensate answer. The teacher would then execute some electric shock to the learner, for every wrong feedback, the shock change magnitude by ab come in 15 volts as the test progressed. However, could the learner give the correct answer, the subject go to the next question (Walton, 2009). The learner could complain about the heart condition to convince the subject that he/she is receiving an actual electric shock. Furthermore, he banged the wall as a response to the shock stimuli. A subject was expected to stop the test by and by subjecting about 140 volts to the learner. It was at this juncture that the subject would actually inquire what the experiment was about. Some subjects offered to carry with the test only after assurance that they would not be held accountable for all the damages on the learner, some laughed it off while some were stressed or depressed on learning that the learner is actual ly hurt. At some touch, the subject wished to stop out of moral belief that the learner was in actual pain, but the experimenter or the authority would order him/her to continue. However, the experiment was stopped should the subject make four or five successive attempts to stop or after subjecting 450 volts of electric shock to the learner, on three successive operations. The experimenter would always assure the subject that the learner would not suffer any permanent tissues damage hence he was to continue until the learner learnt all the words. To find the result of the experiment, Milgram selected about 100 senior psychology students to determine the response among the 100 subjects or sibyllic teachers. It was found that only three subjects out of the hundred would continue with the experiment, until the maximum voltage of 450volts was executed to the learner (Moore, 2004). Milgram also selected about forty psychiatrists who ascertained that majority of subjects would quit the test after subjecting the learner to a ten successive shock executions. They also found out that after reaching 300 volts, almost subjects would stop the test once requested by the learners, and only three out of the hundred subjects would continue with the test even after the learner stopped responding to the questions, out of the pain from electric shock. It was clear the very few subjects were willing to execute full voltage to the learner, out of moral beliefs. Furthermore, at some point majority of subjects inquired the implication of the experiment, and were willing to give back the amount they were paid. This was out of pity or self-reproach to the inflicted learners. Subjects demonstrated some degree of stress and depression during the experimental session. The majority was sweating, groaning, biting their lips

The topic will be in the instruction plus the attached file Essay

The topic will be in the instruction plus the attached file - rise ExampleIn the U.A.E, and indeed crossways the world, the problem should be tackled before the situation gets worse. Tackling the obesity trouble effectively demands the appreciation of the root causes of the problem. Experts agree that the main factors behind rising obesity prevalence levels across the world are sedentary lifestyles (lifestyles devoid of exercise) and poor eating habits. In respect of eating habits, it is price noting that the consumption of too much fatty, sugary, junk, and salty foods easily lead to obesity. To this effect, individuals should eat less of junk foods, get more than vegetables, and exercise more as ways of preventing and dealing with obesity.As a way of dealing with obesity in schools, the ministry of health plans to introduce physical exercise (P.E.) lessons as part of the school curriculum. By having three lessons of P.E. a week with each lesson taking 40 minutes, school childr en will become more active and burn excess fats in their bodies that would otherwise lead them to become obese. Secondly, the ministry plans to regulate the kinds of foods that children are attached in school and those that are available in school canteens. The ministry will work toward ensuring that schools offer equilibrize diets and that canteens stock no junk foods.Cleland E. (June 16, 2013) Obesity is a growing problem in the UAE, says health serious. The National. http//www.thenational.ae/news/uae-news/health/obesity-is-a-growing-problem-in-the-uae-says-health-expertSaberi Mahmood (July 6, 2012). UAE the fifth most obese country in the world. Gulf News. Retrieved from

The culture and social impact of YOU TUBE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The culture and fond impact of YOU TUBE - Essay ExampleThey hitch it for their knowledge as well as informational expansion. YouTube has recordings from different sources. It keeps one glued to its aura. YouTube has the power to change perceptions by showing all the sides of a concept or story. The world of Internet has helped YouTube to expand in an exponential function way. It has viewers from all over the world.YouTube has made available all past recordings of TV programs, short films and documentaries. It has in its archives the historical content too. The amateur videos be also present within YouTube. It makes YouTube a very(prenominal) fun-loving experience. Viewers enjoy spending time on YouTube. Writers and directors watch it to understand different cultural divides. several(prenominal) watch clippings on YouTube to plagiarize which is a wrongful deed. However the incentives and drawbacks are there when one talks of YouTube.YouTube has cut through barriers. It has invi ted creative content to be available in a free flow rate way. YouTube is interesting as it paves way for creative expansion. It gives the youngsters a feel that they are closely associated with each other. The social aspects are also given significance. The people-to-people linkage on the Web is made possible. The cultural exchanges come into the wager as well. There is interaction within the different cultures.Mass media has suffered due to the presence of YouTube. The media fraternity believes it is a direct attack on their content. However proponents of free speech think the exact opposite. There are a number of different viewpoints in entirety. Some see it as a cultural and social bonding phenomenon. Others view it as a place where ideas get stolen. There could be a soldiery of options for the viewers. This makes them remain glued to YouTube for a number of reasons.In addition, mass media has issues in the name of copyrights. There are infringement issues as well. The need i s to balance all these aspects. The end user must benefit at the end. He should not be made to pay

Foreign Influence on English Football Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Foreign Influence on English Football - Essay ExampleThe phrase written by Patrick Mcgovern challenges the basis behind the bit of foreign players into English football. He states that the global market is a free process which changes the nature of the sparing competition. Having investigated hiring practices for the English football league during 1946 to 1995, one aspect of the conclusions was that globalization might be a average thing to expect. It points out that global influence is not just about players. It is also about economic social and political factors that can squander either national or indeed British origins. However, this article also points out that there is consistency in the types of foreign players that are chosen to play in the English league. This can be in terms of climate, culture, language and, the style of football. This would fit countries such as Scotland, Ireland, northern Europe and Australia. However, the article fails to point out that quite a nu mber of foreign players have come from South America, such as Argentina or Brazil. Their influence cannot be discounted. Therefore, the choice of mulct players is partly due to culture choices.

Eng 1010 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eng 1010 - Essay ExampleIn addition, it has superior display and graphics as comp atomic number 18d to separate bids in the market. The display options it provides are quite exciting because they provide the feel of using a computer, kind of than just a ph unitary. Its 6 Plus 5.5-inch monitor with high-resolution Retina HD display is remarkable, in addition to its safety-related capabilities. Apart from that, the iPhone has fast internet connectivity, which is convenient for intense web browsing and email applications. Excellent internet, bring together with a Dual-core 1.4 GHz Cyclone (ARM v8-based) processor, makes multitasking easy. IPhone 6 is undoubtedly a badly efficient and exceedingly powerful phone device whose stylish nature appeals to a great (but wealthy) section of the populace.Despite its advantages, the iPhone presents several imperfections, just analogous any other hi-tech device. Its main shortcoming is that it is considerably costly as compared to its competit ors. Even so, its prestige lies on its expensive nature, so that only a few people can afford it and flip boasting rights. In addition, its internal memory is non-expandable, and this means that an iPhone user can only use downloads that are originally available on the gadget. I dislike it because I am limited to downloading symphony from its music stores, rather than transferring my own music and movies. Its other notable disadvantages include the inability to remove its Li-Po battery for charging, and its drop of water resistance. Considering the iPhone 6 lacks some features that android phones have, it is unruffled not a superior phone globally. In addition, considering there are phones such as Samsung Galaxy S5 that are certified as waterproof, the iPhone 6 is still at a disadvantage.Owing to its impressive features and prestige values, the iPhone is worth its price. As long as one can afford it, then it is worth the price. It is not advisable if an overzealous person has to save cash to purchase one, merely to impress

Marketing trend (Internet and online marketing) Assignment - 1

Marketing trend (Internet and online market) - Assignment ExampleInternet trade reduces the overall marketing cost of a firm because a firm can utilize netmailing as a marketing wight, which costs fairly lower than the direct mail (McCarthy, 2011). In addition, through e-marketing, a business can expect immediate impulsive response from its target market by them clicking on the website. In this manner, the message of the company reaches a large number of consumers in less time, as intimately as at low cost (Arnold, 2009).With regards to consumers, on the other hand, internet marketing reduces the cost of them deviation to the market to look for products. However, they can only do this if they have access to the internet (Jenkins, 2012). They also make various assets such as credit cards to purchase some goods over the internet.Internet or online marketing affects a business by providing it with a variety of advantages. It has turned into a power tool and organizations can use it to make their 24 hours presence throughout the world (Jenkins, 2012). Consumers also have the luck of shopping online, and inquire on the services and products at any time.With regards to customers, it is easy for them to leave their queries and comments through email or the feedback form (McCarthy, 2011). The firms representatives can also answer the queries instantly or in a short time period. This opportunity has helped customers build up close association with companies and this expands business.Internet marketing has brought about a rise in market competition since it has become easy for many firms to encourage successfully online by taking advantage of the low budgets (McCarthy, 2011). It is essential that firms, prior to entering an online market, be well(p) aware of the potential impacts of internet marketing, and they should plan their strategies to face the online marketing barriers before going online.According to research, a majority of consumers, 60%, show reluctan ce when it come to purchasing goods over the internet. They opt

Program capstone IP5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Program capstone IP5 - Essay ExampleThe introduction arrange occurs after a w are has been effectively been marketed and surveys carried out and as a result achieved its desired merchandise goal. The product is then introduced into the market with an begin of creating immediate demand. At this stage, there is in truth little rival in the market and the sales volume of the product increases rapidly. The prices are very heights as considerably as promotion methods leading to the theaters registering high profits. The maturity phase of the product life cycle is mark by an increase in sales volume at a decreasing rate. At this stage, imitations of the product begin to emerge in the foreign markets causing the firm to begin lowering its exportation of the product. The manufacturers are forced to lower the market price of the product in order to maintain its market conduct as well as supporting its sales. Despite a decrease in the profit levels, the firms product still remains at tractive due to high volumes available in the market. The chroma period is marked by stability in the product line. The sale volume is at its stop and there is no possibility of excourseing it further. Sales at this stage undergo stability initially hardly then begin to fall as many substitutes of the product enter the market. At this stage, the manufacturing firms must aim at developing new alternative uses of the product with effective differentiation which can be either vertical or horizontal (Chitale, 2013).In order to sustain the maturity period, firms will tend to introduce alterations as well as innovations to the product so as to keep the interest of the customers high so that they keep on buying the product. The phase can also be lengthened through variations in terms of prices due to the stiff competition in the market. Some of the popular and well know products such as the iPod together with the iPhone are currently in the maturity stage. Apple has however been very

Int'l Quality Management System - TQM Project Research Paper

Int&aposl Quality Management System - TQM realize - Research Paper ExampleThe head office and factory is situated in Arabian Desert, well-nigh kilometers away from Dubai International Airport. Its other branches are found in China, Sudan, Bangladesh, Iran and India.The company offers a complete base with it diversification into tile adhesives and related products in a joint-venture with Laticrete International, Inc. USA, a joint-venture with German-based Kludi to manufacture a range to taps, faucets and accessories for strong ware products. RAK ceramics started its operation in Saudi Arabia because of the areas largest market due to high life history standards and a rising economy with brand-conscious people (Ryan,2000). The major shareholder of this company is its founder, Sheikh Saud Alquasimi, who is to a fault the prescript of Ras Al Khaimah.i)The company faces tough competition from national and regional players in most of the countries. about of the competitors are Kajar ia Ceramics, H&R Johnson India, Asian Granito India, Nitco Tiles and Somany Ceramics.Total Quality Management (TQM) is a philosophy of an governing in which it focuses on the core activities of the establishment and ensures that the customers needfully are satisfied. The key components of an organization are the quality and the reduction of waste. The organization implements the Total Quality management by starting at the top levels of the organization. This requires that the top management of the organization do not only embrace the concepts of TQM but also ensure satisfaction of the organizations customers (Charantimath,2011). The organization can ensure that the customers receive satisfaction through promoting the customer needs first. It is thus imperative that the organization implement the Total Quality Management for it to achieve its objectives. The implementation of the TQM is actually significant in the organization in that after its implementation, the

The Events That Led To the Collapse of the Bank of Credit and Commerce Essay

The Events That Led To the clash of the intrust of Credit and Commerce (BCCI) - Essay ExampleThis research will begin with the statement that the Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI) was an international bank founded in 1972 by Agha Hassan Abedi. Agha was a Pakistani run who had previously set the United Bank of Pakistan in 1959. Before the United Bank was nationalized in 1974, he created another supranational banking entity, the BCCI. The bank was registered in Luxemburg with head offices in Karachi and London and Swaleh Naqvi became the banks chief. Sheikh Zayed lay in Sultan Al Nahyan, the ruler of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates provided capital that was used to start BCCI. It was structured in a way that no country had overall regulatory supervision over it so as to allow potential growth and expansion of opportunities. It expanded rapidly in the 1970s and by 1980 BCCI was describe to have assets of over $4 billion with over 150 branches in 46 countries. T he BCCI scandal and depravity included fraud which involved millions of dollars from the customers, money laundering in different continents, support of terrorism, trafficking of arms and sales event of nuclear technologies, management of prostitution, commission and facilitation of income tax evasion, smuggling and illegal immigration and illicit purchase of banks and sincere estate. BCCI was focused on serving Muslims and third world clients and the quadrupling of oil prices in 1973- 1974 led to enormous deposits by Arab oil producers. However, its complex registration that involved Luxemburg registration, London headquarters, Middle East shareholders and universal operations do it impossible for outsiders to grapple what was going on within the bank. The structure was conceived by Abedi and managed by Naqvi with the specific purpose of evading regulation or any control by governments of the concerned nations. From its earliest days, BCCI was made up of multiplying layers of entities, related to one another through an impermeable series of holding companies, affiliates, subsidiaries, banks within banks, insider dealings and nominee relationships. Activities such as corporate structure, record keeping, regulatory review, and audits were fractured so that they can evade unexceptional legal restrictions and movement of capital and goods.

611 Assignment 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

611 4 - Assignment vitrine the preparation of a Project plan that involves the use of tools such as GHANTT charts and all key move to be implemented in the initialization stage of the project are reviewed to ensure that they are penalise as planned. Secondly, necessary documentation is drafted this includes schedule, plans and clay documentation which will be important to the users. Third deliverable is to draft a Kick-off presentation which table services communicate with the members of the board and explains the importance of the project and its need to be implemented. The suffer deliverable in this stage of initialization is the use of monthly composings that are going to strategically help in reviewing results. In analysis of the project, deliverables include drafting the technological requirements and recommendations report that is utilise to provide skillful options for implementation. Infrastructure preparation and specifications, deliverables include reports that con tain information such as infrastructure, software, hardware, security and technical standards and procedures. Resources used include the Generic WBS that defines the sequence of the project in an outline format. A scheduling system would be used in this stage so as to ensure that tasks to be handled are handled in an effective manner.Phase four this involves installation. Deliverables include production test plans and schedule for the project, migration installation plan and factual installation plan, tests and validation. Another deliverable would be the delivery of study documents, the training plan and user training sessions. Project status reports are very handy at this phase as they help report on the core issues.The main purpose of project circumspection tools is to help project managers plan better, live up to plans effectively and control the project management process. This is executed by the use of project plans. Project management tools help reduce time wastage in pro ject implementation and aid in easy

WRITE A 1,500 WORD ARTICLE WHICH COULD BE FEATURED IN A PARENTING Essay - 1

WRITE A 1,500 WORD ARTICLE WHICH COULD BE FEATURED IN A PARENTING MAGAZINE ABOUT DISPOSABLE NAPPIES VS REAL NAPPIES - Essay ExampleEveryone appreciates the nostalgia for the genuine, old-fashioned article, but is it heartyly received that real nappies ar better for you and your babyThere are four major criteria that spring to mind when considering your offbeat buying options price, effectiveness, and the delicate problem of napkin dermatitis, or nappy rash as it is more unremarkably called. Starting with price, in that respect is an immediate issue of short and long term planning. You will have to open an initial investment in real nappies, since retail price comparisons show that you need to spend nigh 250 on reusable nappies. You will also have to think about a plastic place with a lid (about 7) and a supply of special nappy cleansing fluid .This seems like a lot of money initially, but everyplace time, nappies work out as the cheaper option. Washing the nappies over a pe riod of two and a half years will cost about 80 saving that the real nappy option for one baby to a total cost of around 330 -four hundred depending on how often you use a tumble dryer. In comparison, disposable nappies cost approximately 600 over the same period. If you are planning to have another child, then your savings will be still greater, especially if you dry the nappies in the fresh air rather than in a tumble dryer. It seems, then, that real nappies are cheaper than disposables and for bigger families, clearly the economical option.You might be wondering which type of nappy flora best. There are so many size and style options available that comparisons in this area are much harder to make. Leakage is a problem with all nappy types, and the more active your baby is, the bigger a problem this is likely to be. The advantage of real nappies is that they can be easier to adjust to your babys individual shape. Different technologies in disposable nappies can give you a range of absorbency levels, and so there is no real problem

Teaching Standard English Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching beat English - Essay pillow slipThe essay is meant for a general audience but it brings up several hold outs that specifically appear to be addressed to language teachers in America. Christensen explains that the stigma experienced by children brought up in backgrounds not advocating Standard English throughout their school life and beyond negatively impacts on their self-esteem. Using the example of Fred, 1 of her students, she discusses the fear resulting from societal expectations and the criticisms that sometimes scare assumeers into not writing at all, rather than risk doing so and end up making errors. Fred has trouble turn backing because he is too scared to write and when he finally does his creativity is severely hindered by his obsession with writing the correct English rather than expressing himself. (Christensen 36). by means of this case study, the writer is successful in appealing to the audiences sympathy by personation Fred as a victim of the societal expectations that are beyond his control. By presenting her argument alongside Freds case, she is likely to convince an objective audience of the error of putting too much emphasis on the structure parts of the language as opposed to the functions. Bringing about social change, as she is obviously trying to do with her essay is a complicated affair that requires that one not only creates a rapport with their audience but also convinces them to step outside their previous assumptions and bias about a subject. However by initiating and emotional presenting Fred as a victim and showing his emotional challenge in an objective modal value, she forces the reader to open their mind, acknowledge and confront the reality of the underlying problem. She breaks down the whole issue and brings it to a personal level showing the audience that if it can happen to Fred it can happen to some(prenominal) of them or even their children etc. Christensen emphasizes the need for English teachers to be careful when it comes to correcting their students mistakes since the manner in which they do it could negatively impact on their learning process. She mentions how a teacher can learn a lot about their students lives by encouraging them to express themselves through writing, if teachers still the importance of assisting the students in such expression they will be more conscious of their approaches and pursue learner centred as opposed to language centred teaching methods. For example, students who have been sexually abused could be hiding bottomland their problems and failing to express or report them however, given chance to write without being judged based on grammar, teachers can learn their problem and advise them on the appropriate actions they should take. She concludes with an assertion that while it is important for students to learn standard English, they also need to understand why they are learning it, and they should not do it to forfend criticisms, but rather bec ause they want to (Christensen 36). Teaching the rules of Standard English without imparting the need to reflect on them is only likely to force the students to comply out a need to conform rather than the inalienable desire to learn. At the end of the day, she convinces he reader that the focus of education is in the learners personal and schoolman development, therefore teachers should ensure they use the educational opportunity assist

Courts Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Courts - Essay ExampleGenerally, this prop iodinent of judicial review is meant for the Courts to oversee the legislative or executive functions. However, the Court is able to exercise the business leader to uphold or deny the congressional and executive actions in passing upon the issue of constitutionality. Thus, judicial review can, in effect, nullify the acts of the other branches of the government.This should not be interpreted that the supreme Court overpowers the other two branches. Instead, this authority must be understood in the hoy of the need to uphold the Constitution at all times. After all, in a country where mold of law is observed, the Constitution must be upheld without exception. To state otherwise will only result to the negation of the interests of the people.The power of the Supreme Court to make pronouncements as regards existing laws is not an absolute power. It is a rule that the power to exercise judicial review must be exercised only when there is an a ctual case or an actual controversy. Thus, to properly request the courts to examine the constitutionality of law, there must be at least one party who stands to benefit or to be injured by the questioned provisions of the law and who shall ask a pronouncement from the Court. This can be properly illustrated in the case of Marbury v. Madison.The case of Marbury v. Madison is considered a truly important landmark case in the history of the Unite States Supreme Court. This is the first instance that the U.S. Supreme Court was able to declare and exercise its power of judicial review.What happened in the case of Marbury v. Madison? It was in the year 1800. William Marbury had been nominated, appointed as a justice of peace and given a commission. John Adams, the president of the United States back then, already signed the commission. The United States seals had been affixed to it also.

Chemistry class xii project Essay Example for Free

Chemistry class xii project EssayTheory What is rust? eat is the habitual name of a compound, squeeze oxide. compress oxide, the chemical Effie, is common because contract combines very readily with type O so readily, in fact, that pure Iron Is only rarely found In nature. Iron (or brand) dilapidate Is an example of corrosion an electrochemical process involving an anode (a piece of metal that readily gives up electrons), an electrolyte (a liquid that helps electrons move) and a cathode (a piece of metal that readily accepts electrons). Causes When a piece of metal corrodes, the electrolyte helps take into account oxygen to the anode.As oxygen combines with the metal, electrons are liberated. When they flow through the electrolyte to the cathode, the metal of the anode disappears, swept away by the electrical flow or converted into metal actions in a form such as rust. For iron to stupefy Iron oxide, three things are required Iron, piddle and oxygen. Heres what happe ns when the three get together When a drop of water hits an Iron object, two things begin to happen close to immediately. First, the water, a good electrolyte, combines with carbon dioxide in the line of credit to form a weak carbonic acid, an even better electrolyte.As the acid is organize and the iron dissolved, some of the water give begin o break down Into Its component pieces hydrogen and oxygen. The gratis(p) oxygen and dissolved iron bond into iron oxide, in the process freeing electrons. The electrons liberated from the anode section of the iron flow to the cathode, which may be a piece of a metal less electrically reactive than iron, or another point on the piece of Iron Itself, Consequences Rusting has a fare of effects on metal objects. It makes them look orange and rough.It makes them weaker, by replacing the strong Iron or steel with flaky powder. more or less oxides on some metals such as aluminum form solely a thin layer on top which lows down further corrosi on, but rust give the bounce slowly eat away at even the biggest piece of iron. If a piece of Irons effectualness Is important for safety, such as a duet support or a cars brake caliper. It Is a good Idea to Inspect It for rust damage every now and then. Rust withal displace cause metal parts that are supposed to slide over one another to become stuck.Rust can make holes In sheet metal. Rusty car mufflers sometimes develop holes in them, and the sheet steel making the outer bodies of cars will often rust through, making holes. Rust Is a lot less magnetic than Iron. An iron magnet will probably still work almost as ell when It has a thin coating of rust on It, but If It has rusted so hard that most of the metal is gone, then it will not work very well as a magnet. 1 OFF which is a metallic conductor.So if some electrical connection is made with iron, its liable(predicate) to go bad when the iron surface rusts. Rust is associated with degradation of iron-based tools and structu res. As rust has a very much higher volume than the originating mass of iron, its build-up can also cause failure by forcing apart side by side(predicate) parts ? a phenomenon sometimes known as rust packing. It was the cause of the collapse of the Missus river bridge in 1983, when he bearings rusted internally and pushed one corner of the road slab off its support.Rust was also an important factor in the Silver Bridge disaster of 1967 in West Virginia, when a steel suspension bridge collapsed in less than a minute, killing 46 drivers and passengers on the bridge at the time. Prevention and Protection Because of the widespread use and importance of iron and steel products, the prevention or slow of rust is the basis of major economic activities in a number of specialized technologies. A legal brief overview of methods is presented here for detailed overage, see the cross-referenced articles.Rust is permeable to air and water, therefore the interior metallic iron beneath a rust la yer continues to corrode. Rust prevention thus requires coatings that preclude rust institution. Some methods of prevention of rusting are as follows Gallivanting- Globalization consists of an application on the object to be defend of a layer of metallic zinc by either hot-dip gallivanting or electroplating. Zinc is traditionally employ because it is cheap, adheres well to steel, and provides catholic protection to the steel surface in case of damage of the zinc layer.In more corrosive environments (such as salt water), cadmium plating is preferred. Coating and Painting- Rust formation can be controlled with coatings, such as paint, lacquer, or varnish that isolate the iron from the environment. Large structures with cover box sections, such as ships and modern automobiles, often have a wax-based product (technically a cut down oil) injected into these sections. Such treatments usually also contain rust inhibitors. Covering steel with concrete can provide some protection to ste el because of the alkaline pH environment at the steel-concrete interface.Humidity Control- Rust can be avoided by controlling the moisture in the atmosphere. An example of this is the use of silica jelly packets to control humidity in equipment shipped by sea. Metal Coupling-Len this method, the iron is coupled with other metal and if the metal is above iron in electrochemical series(meaner more electrostatics)then in the galvanic cell is formed by the contact of the iron and that metal, iron will go under reduction it will be safe from rusting. If the metal is below iron in electrochemical series then iron will go under oxidation and rusting will be facilitated.

Networking Concepts Essay Example for Free

Networking Concepts EssayBenefit of meshing Network Network is very popular common news show now. It is a collection of computers, impressers, and other electronic devices which is linked by cables or wireless devices it arsehole chance upon a situation for them to communicate with each other. For the welfare of net profit individuals are able to share and step in information (files and programs), feeler common armed services (email and applications), and share hardware (printers, servers, image scanners, and fax machines). picture of local area network/MAN/WAN networkThe Name of Network LAN (Local Area Network It is a weakened geographical area (Room, Building or a C antiophthalmic factorus) of networking MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) If network in a city than it is called MAN. WAN (Wide Area Network) If network spread geographically (Country of across Globe) than it is called WAN. Advantage of network It allows a wide range of advantages. It help oneself to tran sferee filesAA one computer to a nonher, centralized printers, centralized information (an intranet wind vane server, for example).For it programs can be run off a server, so updating means updating a single program, not one on each computer (which can be a incubus if there are a few hundred computers), centralized entropy backup Disadvantage of network To drive up network . there are many equipment needed which is much cost. Virtual hole-and-corner(a) Networking Service Virtual Private Networking Service is failure for a secure network connection which can be taken on top of a public network, such as the Internet or Education Wireless Integrated Network. For the help of it Internetsinfrastructure can move secured data to and from the campus network.It play an indispensable role off-campus students and staff to access the Universitys online resources in the home computer,through their ISP (Internet Service Providers) same Signet, trail Hub, etc. using dial-up or broadband se rvice. We can also get the facility of Universityse-services or computing facilities that are not made available onthe Internet or WWW (World-Wide web In this case we can do Laboratorys UNIX servers, network printers, file shares, personal web storage folders, etc for the help of network.Picture of Virtual private networ VPN on NTUwireless There are also some risks in wireless network. So in this case to keep our privacy on NTUwireless, our campus wireless network, we canusethis VPN service to dial-out of NTUwireless as like as we normally use VPN on the Internet to access NTU network. To connect wirenetwork to the campus, VPN connection is not necessary. This service is not turned on forthe wired network. VPN client shadower the corporate firewallMost organizations and universities feature some form of firewall implementations on theirInternet gateway to except for Signet, Star hub or the overseas ISP If there is a firewall in your organization, youshould use SSL VPN to connect . or, If you want to connect NTU with Microsoft VPN, the organizations Firewallrequires PPTP trafficvia TCP port 1723 amp GRE protocol topass through theFirewall. Network Installations networking of a communication theory constitution through to planning, designing, installing and maintaining the establishment. (Picture of network installationConnect Systems work is able to provide the outgo computer network design and specification, meeting both present and ongoing requirements to each client and is intimately with each client. We offer a wide number of benefit to all client . These include recommend, submit and install all the necessary hardware and software for your network installations, as well as we offer tuning and support system . To provide a total data and voice transport system including help and advice with the design and fitting of clients computer rooms a structured fit can be installed. The necessary thing or installation Windows Vista/2003/XP * Cyrix Presentat ion Server amp Access Essentials * Internet, Firewall and VPN connectivity solutions including cisco PIX, Symantec Enterprise Firewall installation and configuration * E-mail products including Exchange, Lotus Notes and Outlook, Mobile email via blackberry and Windows mobile devices * Back-up software including Arc serve and Backup Exec * Anti-virus solutions including Trend Micro * Content Checking technology such as Minesweeper and Super Scout * Supply and configuration of server and PC hardware. Operating system of networkNet work operating system It is an operating system which has components and programs to allow a computer on a network to serve request from other computer in term of data providing access to other resources such as printer and file systems Some steps of simple file and print sacramental manduction Content 1. File share Basics 2. Naming Computers 3. Install File and Print sharing 4. Disable Simple Sharing 5. Disable Firewalls and Other Software 6. Create Use r Accounts 7. Sharing the folder 8. How to Check Which Folders are Shared 9. Mapping a Network Drive 10. How to Remove File Sharing 11.Sharing Printers with Others on Your Network 12. Troubleshooting File and Print Sharing Install file and print sharing Our task is to go into your Network contractions under the Local Area Connection Properties window, and need check whether S the General tab is included or not. We can use the following items for this connection. Or the Components are look into by this connection section, we can check that File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks can list we have to be aware about that the checkbox is checked. If it is listed, the computer is already configured for file sharing click Cancel.If it is not listed, then Click Install button. Click on Service. Click Add. What we need for instillation . Click OK. We aptitude need your Windows install CD and if the computer asks to restart, click yes. We can use the following operating system We c an use the following operating system 1. JUNOS. Used in routers and switches from Juniper Networks. Cisco JOS (formerly Cisco Internet work Operating System) is a NOM having a focus on the internetworking capabilities of network device. It is apply on Cisco System router and some network switches. 2.

My Alignment with the Values of the Bank Essay Example for Free

My Alignment with the Values of the Bank EssayAccording to Business Dictionary 2010, set can be defined as the important and enduring beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is desirable and what is not. Each person has his or her own case-by-case values and so does organizations. The values of organizations dictate its actions and behaviors. Corporate values can be said to play an important character reference in an organization and is imperative to success. And Access Bank PLC is known for its core values which are Excellence, Leadership, appoint employees, Passion for customers, Professionalism, and Innovation. These values can be said to be responsible for its excellence and continuous strain to be the best both locally and globally. To attain a successful alignment between case-by-case and organization values, there needs to be a synergy between the employee and the organization he or she works for.My alignment with these values are in no doubt because I as an single always filtrate to be the best and these values should be cultivated by any individual or organization that strive to be the best. Firstly the value of Leadership, I as an individual that strive for excellence always want to be the leader. I strive to acquire all the necessary association and expertise that makes me stand out as a leader that others look up to. So in this vein, contributing and believing in the Leadership value of Access Bank PLC is something that will come as second nature to me. Then there is excellence. This being part of my daily mantra is a value that line up with will also come as second nature. I and Access Bank both accept in the value of excellence. As someone who strive to be the best and excel. Excellence is a enchant word that applies to everything I do. I recognize the importance

Rizal in Macao Essay Example for Free

Rizal in Macao EssayHounded by sourceful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his democracy for a second time in February 1888. He was then a full- grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-letters. The first time he went aboard in June 1882, he was a mere lad of 21, a youthful student in search of wisdom in the Old World, a romantic idealist with beautiful dreams of emancipating his people from bondage by the magic power of his pen. Times had changed. Rizal at 27 was an embittered victim of human iniquities, a disillusioned dreamer, a flustrated reformer.The Trip to Hong Kong. On February 3, 1888, after a short confirmation of six months in his beloved Calamba, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro. He was sick and sad during the crossing of the choppy China Sea. He did not protrude off his ship when it made brief stopover at Amoy on February 7. for three reasons (1) he was not feeling well, (2) it was raining hard, and (3) he heard that the city was dirty. He arrived in Hong Kong on February 8. During his stay in Hong Kong, a British colony, Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt, dated February 16, 1888, expressing his bitterness.In Hong Kong, Rizal stayed at Victoria Hotel. He was welcomed by the Filipino residents, including Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte, (son of Francisco Yriarte, alcalde mayor of Laguna). A Spaniard, Jose Sainz de Varanda, who was a former secretary of Governor universal Terrero, shadowed Rizals movement in Hong Kong. It is believed that he was commissioned by the Spanish authorities to blob on Rizal. Hong Kong, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, 1888, is a small, but very clean city. Many Portuguese, Hindus, English, Chinese, and Jews live in it. in that location are some Filipinos, the majority of whom being those who had been exiled to the Marianas Islands in 1872. They are poor, gentle, and timid. Formerly they were rich mechanics, industrialists, and financiers. Visit to Macao. On Feb 18, Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer. Kiu-kiang for Macao. Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong. the city of Macao, wrote Rizal, in his diary, is small, low, and gloomy. at that place are many junks, sampans, but few steamers. It looks sad and is almost dead. In Macao, Rizal and Basa stayed at the home of befool Juan.Francisco Lecaros, a Filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady. He was rich and spent his eld cultivating plants and flowers, many of which came from Philippines. During his two-day sojourn in Macao, Rizal visited the theatre, casino, cathedral and churches, pagodas, botanical garden, and bazaars. He also saw the famous grot of Camoens, Portugals national poet. In the evening of February 19, he witnessed a Catholic, in which the devotees were dressed in stern and purple dresses and were carrying unlighted candles.

The Importance of Staff Training During the Recession Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Staff Training During the niche EssayMost industry experts agree that grooming and phylogeny of staff should non be compromised during the quoin even though they may be dealing with cuts to budgets and other cost pressures. This is because a well-trained and skilled custody will be instrumental in supporting organisations during the downturn as well as aft(prenominal) economic recuperation and growth resumes. Previous recessions and downturns have shown that acetous down on readying and skills development for employees only results in a pithyage of talented workers come the upturn. This can greatly affect an organisations conflict. In March, a report from the Boston Consulting Group and the European Association of People Management (EAPM) found that cutting back on training was a popular cost-cutting option but warned that it is the least effective in the longer term. Rudolf Thurner, co-author of the report and president of the EAPM, said Companies s hould evaluate the strategies deployed by HR executives during the last recession. In this way, they can avoid making similar mistakes all over again.The shortage of skills in the UK workforce is already evident, according to other studies on the issue. A Randstad-commissioned survey published earlier this year found that near three-quarters of firms in Britain feel that there is a lack of suitably qualified workers in the country. As a result, half of firms are not planning to cut down on their training budgets, regardless of wider pecuniary conditions. Fred van der Tang, managing director of Randstad UK Professional Services, said Many organisations conceptualise they will still be short of key skills to cope with the recession. There will be an increased emphasis on the provision of training for those with the most potential to make sure that key performers are retained. He added In such immensely difficult times, it is encouraging that many human resource heads say their boar ds want to ensure they do not make inappropriate cuts. Cutting back too heavily was a mistake made by many employers during previous downturns, leaving them poorly prepared for the upturn.A recent study by the leased Insurance Institute (CII) found that firms in the insurance and financial services sectors are concerned or so the level of skills demonstrated by new recruits in the industry. The poll also discovered that many organisations believe that the UK is far behind other countries in workforce skills and must do more if it is to maintain its competitivenessand emerge as a global leader. Daniel Pedley, public affairs manager for the CII, said We would certainly preach not cutting training in times like this. We believe that investing in training now, during a downturn, will help you come up in a better position when the recovery comes. If you invest now you are putting yourself in a much better position for by and by on down the track.

Minority Group and Multiculturalism Essay Example for Free

Minority Group and Multi socialism adjudicateIdeas near the legal and semipolitical accommodation of ethnic diversity comm barely termed multi paganism emerged in the West as a vehicle for replacing older defecates of ethnic and racial hierarchy with novel analogy backs of elected citizenship. Despite substantial evidence that these policies ar making progress toward that goal, a chorus of political leading has declared them a failure and heralded the death of multiculturalism.This popular exceed narrative is problematic because it mischaracterizes the temperament of the experiments in multiculturalism that arrive at been lowtaken, exaggerates the ex ten-spott to which they lead been abandoned, and misidentifies not only the genuine difficulties and limitations they befool encountered hardly the options for addressing these problems. palaver about the retrograde from multiculturalism has obscured the fact that a form of multicultural integration remains a animated option for western democracies. This calculate quarrels four powerful myths about multiculturalism. First, it disputes the caricature of multiculturalism as the uncritical jubilation of diversity at the expense of addressing grave societal problems much(prenominal) as unemployment and amicable isolation. Instead it offers an card of multiculturalism as the pursuit of bracing dealing of democratic citizenship, inspired and constrained by forgiving- disciplines thinkerls. Second, it contests the idea that multiculturalism has been in wholesale retreat, and offers instead evidence that multiculturalism policies (MCPs) deplete persisted, and have even grown stronger, over the past ten years. Third, it disputes the idea that multiculturalism has failed, and offers instead evidence that MCPs have had positive effects. Fourth, it disputes the idea that the spread of civil integration policies has displaced multiculturalism or r force outered it obsolete. The report instead offers evidence that MCPs are fully consistent with certain forms of civic integration policies, and that and then the combination of multiculturalism with an enabling form of civic integration is two normatively desirable and empirically effective in at least both(prenominal) cases. To help address these resigns, this paper draws upon the Multiculturalism Policy Index.This index 1) identifies eight cover indemnity areas where liberal-democratic states faced with a choice decided to develop more than multicultural forms of citizenship in relation to immigrant groups and 2) measures the extent to which countries have espoused some or all of these policies over time. While there have been some high-profile cases of retreat from MCPs, such as the Netherlands, the general pattern from 1980 to 2010 has been one of modest strengthening. Ironically, some countries that have been strident about multiculturalisms failure (e. g. , Germany) have not actually practiced an a ctive multicultural strategy. speech about the retreat from multiculturalism has obscured the fact that a form of multicultural integration remains a stick up option for Western democracies. However, not all attempts to adopt new models of multicultural citizenship have taken resolve or succeeded in achieving their intended effects. in that respectfulness are several factors that disregard all facilitate or impede the successful implementation of multiculturalism Multiculturalism Success, Failure, and the Future 1 MIGRATION POLICY name Desecuritization of ethnic dealings.Multiculturalism works topper if relations between the state and minorities are collide withn as an issue of companionable policy, not as an issue of state security. If the state covers immigrants to be a security threat (such as Arabs and Muslims after 9/11), stand for multiculturalism will drop and the space for minorities to even voice multicultural claims will diminish. Human rights. Support for mu lticulturalism rests on the assumption that there is a divisiond commitment to homophile rights crosswise ethnic and unearthly lines. If states perceive certain groups as unable or unwilling to respect pitying-rights norms, they are un belike to accord them multicultural rights or resources.Much of the shrink against multiculturalism is fundamentally driven by anxieties about Muslims, in particular, and their perceived unwillingness to court liberal-democratic norms. Border control. Multiculturalism is more controversial when citizens fear they lack control over their borders for instance when countries are faced with large numbers (or unexpected surges) of unauthorized immigrants or asylum try oners than when citizens feel the borders are secure. transition of immigrant groups.Multiculturalism works best when it is genuinely multicultural that is, when immigrants come from many source countries rather than coming overwhelmingly from nevertheless one (which is more p ossible to lead to polarized relations with the majority). Economic contributions. Support for multiculturalism depends on the learning that immigrants are holding up their end of the bargain and making a well-behaved-faith effort to contribute to caller particularly economically. When these facilitating conditions are present, multiculturalism can be seen as a low-risk option, and indeed seems to have worked wellhead in such cases.Multiculturalism tends to lose support in high-risk situations where immigrants are seen as predominantly illegal, as likely carriers of illiberal practices or movements, or as net burdens on the wel remotee state. However, one could argue that rejecting immigrant multiculturalism under these circumstances is in fact the higher-risk move. It is precisely when immigrants are perceived as illegitimate, illiberal, and burdensome that multiculturalism may be most takeed. I. Introduction Ideas about the legal and political accommodation of ethnic diver sity have been in a state of flux around the world for the past 40 years.One hears much about the rise and declivity of multiculturalism. Indeed, this has become a kind of master narrative, wide invoked by scholars, journalists, and policy take uprs alike to justify the evolution of contemporary debates about diversity. Although people disagree about what comes after multiculturalism, there is a move consensus that we are in a post-multicultural era. This report contends that this master narrative obscures as much as it reveals, and that we need an alternative framework for thinking about the choices we face.Multiculturalisms successes and failures, as well as its level of everyday acceptance, have depended on the disposition of the issues at stake and the countries involved, and we need to understand these variations if we are to identify a more sustainable model for accommodating diversity. This paper will argue that the master narrative 1) mischaracterizes the nature of the experiments in multiculturalism that have been undertaken, 2) exaggerates the extent to which they have been abandoned, and 3) misidentifies the genuine difficulties and limitations they have encountered and the options for addressing these problems.2 Multiculturalism Success, Failure, and the Future MIGRATION POLICY lend Before we can decide whether to celebrate or lament the revert of multiculturalism, we need first to make sure we know what multiculturalism has meant both in theory and in practice, where it has succeeded or failed to meet its objectives, and under what conditions it is likely to thrive in the future. The Rise and Fall of Multiculturalism The master narrative of the rise and fall of multiculturalism helpfully captures beta features of our current debates.Yet in some respects it is misleading, and may obscure the real contends and opportunities we face. In its simplest form, the master narrative goes like this1 Since the mid-1990s we have seen a backlash and retreat from multiculturalism. From the 1970s to mid-1990s, there was a clear trend across Western democracies toward the increased recognition and accommodation of diversity through a range of multiculturalism policies (MCPs) and minority rights.These policies were endorsed both at the domestic level in some states and by external organizations, and involved a rejection of earliest ideas of unitary and homogeneous nationhood. Since the mid-1990s, however, we have seen a backlash and retreat from multiculturalism, and a reassertion of ideas of nation building, common values and identity, and unitary citizenship even a call for the return of assimilation. This retreat is partly driven by fears among the majority group that the accommodation of diversity has gone too far and is threatening their way of life.This fear often expresses itself in the rise of nativist and populist right-wing political movements, such as the Danish Peoples Party, defending old ideas of Denmark for the Da nish. But the retreat similarly reflects a belief among the center-left that multiculturalism has failed to help the intended beneficiaries namely, minorities themselves because it has failed to address the underlying sources of their social, economic, and political exclusion and may have unintentionally contributed to their social isolation.As a result, even the center-left political movements that initially championed multiculturalism, such as the social democratic parties in Europe, have backed 1 For influential academic statements of this rise and fall narrative, claiming that it applies across the Western democracies, see Rogers Brubaker, The Return of Assimilation? Ethnic and Racial Studies 24, no. 4 (2001) 53148 and Christian Joppke, The Retreat of Multiculturalism in the Liberal State Theory and Policy, British Journal of Sociology 55, no. 2 (2004) 23757.There are also many counts of the decline, retreat, or crisis of multiculturalism in particular countries. For the N etherlands, see Han Entzinger, The Rise and Fall of Multiculturalism in the Netherlands, in Toward Assimilation and Citizenship Immigrants in Liberal Nation-States, eds. Christian Joppke and Ewa Morawska (London Palgrave, 2003) and Ruud Koopmans, Trade-Offs between Equality and Difference The Crisis of Dutch Multiculturalism in Cross-National Perspective (Brief, Danish Institute for Intertheme Studies, Copenhagen, December 2006).For Britain, see Randall Hansen, alter, Integration and the Turn from Multiculturalism in the get together Kingdom, in Belonging? Diversity, Recognition and Shared Citizenship in Canada, eds. Keith G. Banting, Thomas J. Courchene, and F. Leslie Seidle (Montreal Institute for Research on unexclusive Policy, 2007) Les Back, Michael Keith, Azra Khan, Kalbir Shukra, and John Solomos, New Labours White Heart Politics, Multiculturalism and the Return of Assimilation, Political Quarterly 73, no(prenominal) 4 (2002) 44554 Steven Vertovec, Towards post-multicultu ralism?Changing communities, conditions and contexts of diversity, International Social Science Journal 61 (2010) 8395. For Australia, see Ien Ang and John Stratton, Multiculturalism in Crisis The New Politics of Race and National Identity in Australia, in On Not Speaking Chinese Living Between Asia and the West, ed. I. Ang (London Routledge, 2001). For Canada, see Lloyd Wong, Joseph Garcea, and Anna Kirova, An Analysis of the Anti- and Post-Multiculturalism Discourses The Fragmentation Position (Alberta Prairie midsection for Excellence in Research on Immigration and Integration, 2005), http//pmc.metropolis.Net/Virtual%20Library/FinalReports/Post-multi%20FINAL%20REPORT%20for%20PCERII%20_2_. pdf. For a good overview of the backlash discourse in various countries, see Steven Vertovec and Susan Wessendorf, eds. , The Multiculturalism Backlash European Discourses, Policies and Practices (London Routledge, 2010). Multiculturalism Success, Failure, and the Future 3 MIGRATION POLICY add away from it and shifted to a discourse that emphasizes civic integration, social cohesion, common values, and shared citizenship.2 The social-democratic discourse of civic integration differs from the radical-right discourse in emphasizing the need to develop a more inclusive national identity and to fight racism and discrimination, but it nonetheless distances itself from the rhetoric and policies of multiculturalism. The term postmulticulturalism has often been invoked to signal this new approach, which seeks to overcome the limits of a naive or misguided multiculturalism while avoiding the oppressive reassertion of homogenizing nationalist ideologies.3 II. What Is Multiculturalism? A. Misleading Model In much of the post-multiculturalist literature, multiculturalism is characterized as a feel-good celebration of ethnocultural diversity, encouraging citizens to acknowledge and embrace the panoply of customs, traditions, music, and cuisine that exist in a multiethnic society. Ya smin Alibhai-Brown calls this the 3S model of multiculturalism in Britain saris, samosas, and steeldrums. 4.Multiculturalism takes these beaten(prenominal) cultural markers of ethnic groups clothing, cuisine, and music and treats them as authentic practices to be preserved by their members and safely consumed by others. Under the measure of multiculturalism they are taught in school, performed in festivals, boasted in media and museums, and so on. This celebratory model of multiculturalism has been the focus of many critiques, including the chase It ignores issues of economic and political inequality.Even if all Britons come to enjoy Jamaican steeldrum music or Indian samosas, this would do nothing to address the real problems facing Caribbean and South Asian communities in Britain problems of unemployment, poor educational outcomes, residential segregation, poor English language skills, and political marginalization. These economic and political issues cannot be solved pl ain by celebrating cultural differences. Even with respect to the (legitimate) goal of promoting greater understanding of cultural differences, the focus on celebrating authentic cultural practices that are unique to each group is potentially dangerous. First, not all customs that may be handed-downly practiced within a particular group are worthful of being celebrated, or even of being legally tolerated, such as forced marriage. To avoid brainchild up controversy, theres a tendency to choose as the focus of multicultural celebrations safely inoffensive practices such as cuisine or music that can be enjoyably consumed by members of the larger society. But this runs the oppo commit risk 2.For an overview of the attitudes of European social democratic parties to these issues, see Rene Cuperus, Karl Duffek, and Johannes Kandel, eds. , The Challenge of Diversity European Social Democracy Facing Migration, Integration and Multiculturalism (Innsbruck Studien Verlag, 2003). For refere nces to post-multiculturalism by progressive intellectuals, who distinguish it from the radical rights antimulticulturalism, see, regarding the fall in Kingdom, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown, After Multiculturalism (London Foreign Policy Centre, 2000), and Beyond Multiculturalism, Canadian Diversity/Diversite Canadienne 3, no.2 (2004) 514 regarding Australia, James Jupp, From White Australia to Woomera The Story of Australian Immigration, 2nd edition (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2007) and regarding the United States, Desmond King, The self-reliance of Strangers Making the American Nation (Oxford Oxford University Press, 2004), and David A. Hollinger, Post-ethnic America Beyond Multiculturalism, revised edition (New York Basic Books, 2006).Alibhai-Brown, After Multiculturalism. 3 4 4 Multiculturalism Success, Failure, and the Future MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE of the trivialization or Disneyfication of cultural differences,5 ignoring the real challenges that differences in cultural and phantasmal values can raise. Third, the 3S model of multiculturalism can encourage a conception of groups as hermetically sealed and static, each reproducing its own distinct practices.Multiculturalism may be intended to encourage people to share their customs, but the assumption that each group has its own distinctive customs ignores processes of cultural adaptation, mixing, and melange, as well as emerging cultural commonalities, thereby potentially reinforcing perceptions of minorities as eternally other. This in turn can lead to the strengthening of prejudice and stereotyping, and more generally to the polarization of ethnic relations. Fourth, this model can end up reinforcing power inequalities and cultural restrictions within minority groups. In deciding which traditions are authentic, and how to interpret and display them, the state generally consults the traditional elites within the group typically older males while ignoring the way these traditional practices (an d traditional elites) are often challenged by internal reformers, who have distinguishable views about how, say, a good Muslim should act. It can therefore imprison people in cultural scripts that they are not allowed to indecision or dispute.According to post-multiculturalists, the growing recognition of these flaws underlies the retreat from multiculturalism and signals the search for new models of citizenship that emphasize 1) political date and economic opportunities over the symbolic politics of cultural recognition, 2) homophile rights and individual freedom over respect for cultural traditions, 3) the building of inclusive national identities over the recognition of ancestral cultural identities, and 4) cultural change and cultural mixing over the reification of static cultural differences.This narrative about the rise and fall of 3S multiculturalism will no doubt be familiar to many readers. In my view, however, it is inaccurate. Not only is it a caricature of the realit y of multiculturalism as it has real over the past 40 years in the Western democracies, but it is a distr perform from the real issues that we need to face.The 3S model captures something important about natural human tendencies to simplify ethnic differences, and about the logic of global capitalism to sell cosmopolitan cultural products, but it does not capture the nature of post-1960s government MCPs, which have had more complex historical sources and political goals. B. Multiculturalism in Context It is important to put multiculturalism in its historical context. In one sense, it is as old as humanity different cultures have always found ways of coexisting, and respect for diversity was a familiar feature of many historic empires, such as the Ottoman Empire.But the sort of multiculturalism that is said to have had a rise and fall is a more specific historic phenomenon, emerging first in the Western democracies in the deep 1960s. This timing is important, for it helps us situa te multiculturalism in relation to larger social trans data formations of the postwar era. More specifically, multiculturalism is part of a larger human-rights revolution involving ethnic and racial diversity.Prior to valet War II, ethnocultural and religious diversity in the West was characterized by a range of illiberal and monarchic relationships of hierarchy,6 justified by racialist ideologies that explicitly propounded the superiority of some peoples and cultures and their right to rule over others. These ideologies were widely accepted throughout the Western world and underpinned both domestic laws (e. g. , racially biased immigration and citizenship policies) and strange policies (e. g. , in relation to overseas colonies). 5 6 Neil Bissoondath, Selling Illusions The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada.(Toronto Penguin, 1994). Including relations of conqueror and conquered, colonizer and colonized, master and slave, settler and indigenous, racialized and unmarked, normalized and deviant, orthodox and heretic, civilized and primitive, and ally and enemy. Multiculturalism Success, Failure, and the Future 5 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE After World War II, however, the world recoiled against Hitlers fanatical and murderous use of such ideologies, and the United Nations decisively repudiated them in favor of a new ideology of the equality of races and peoples.And this new assumption of human equality generated a series of political movements designed to contest the lingering presence or durable effects of older hierarchies. We can distinguish trey waves of such movements 1) the struggle for decolonization, concentrated in the full stop 194865 2) the struggle against racial segregation and discrimination, initiated and exemplified by the AfricanAmerican civil-rights movement from 1955 to 1965 and 3) the struggle for multiculturalism and minority rights, which emerged in the late 1960s.Multiculturalism is part of a larger human-rights revolution involving et hnic and racial diversity. Each of these movements draws upon the human-rights revolution, and its foundational ideology of the equality of races and peoples, to challenge the legacies of earlier ethnic and racial hierarchies. Indeed, the human-rights revolution plays a double role here, not just as the inspiration for a struggle, but also as a constraint on the permissible goals and meaning of that struggle.Insofar as historically excluded or stigmatized groups struggle against earlier hierarchies in the name of equality, they too have to renounce their own traditions of exclusion or oppression in the treatment of, say, women, gays, people of mixed race, religious dissenters, and so on. Human rights, and liberal-democratic constitutionalism more generally, provide the overarching framework within which these struggles are debated and addressed.Each of these movements, therefore, can be seen as contributing to a process of democratic citizenization that is, turning the earlier cat alog of hierarchical relations into relationships of liberaldemocratic citizenship. This entails transforming both the vertical relationships between minorities and the state and the horizontal relationships among the members of different groups. In the past, it was often assumed that the only way to engage in this process of citizenization was to impose a single undifferentiated model of citizenship on all individuals.But the ideas and policies of multiculturalism that emerged from the 1960s start from the assumption that this complex biography inevitably and appropriately generates group-differentiated ethnopolitical claims. The name to citizenization is not to suppress these differential claims but to filter them through and frame them within the language of human rights, civil liberties, and democratic accountability. And this is what multiculturalist movements have aimed to do.The precise character of the resulting multicultural reforms varies from group to group, as befits t he distinctive history that each has faced. They all start from the antidiscrimination principle that underpinned the second wave but go beyond it to challenge other forms of exclusion or stigmatization. In most Western countries, explicit state-sponsored discrimination against ethnic, racial, or religious minorities had largely ceased by the 1960s and 1970s, under the influence of the second wave of humanrights struggles.Yet ethnic and racial hierarchies persist in many societies, whether measured in terms of economic inequalities, political underrepresentation, social stigmatization, or cultural invisibility. Various forms of multiculturalism have been developed to help overcome these lingering inequalities. The focus in this report is on multiculturalism as it pertains to (permanently settled) immigrant groups,7 7 There was briefly in some European countries a form of multiculturalism that was not aimed at the inclusion of permanent immigrants, but rather at ensuring that tempora ry migrants would return to their acres of origin.For example, mothertongue education in Germany was not initially introduced as a minority right but in order to enable guest worker children to reintegrate in their countries of origin (Karen Schonwalder, Germany Integration Policy and Pluralism in a Self-Conscious Country of Immigration, in The Multiculturalism Backlash European Discourses, Policies and Practices, eds. Steven Vertovec and Susanne Wessendorf London Routledge, 2010, 160).Needless to say, this sort of returnist multiculturalism premised on the idea that migrants are foreigners who should return to their real home has nothing to do with multiculturalism policies (MCPs) premised on the idea that immigrants belong in their host countries, and which aim to make immigrants 6 Multiculturalism Success, Failure, and the Future MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE but it is worth noting that struggles for multicultural citizenship have also emerged in relation to historic minorities a nd indigenous peoples. 8 C. The Evolution of Multiculturalism Policies.The case of immigrant multiculturalism is just one aspect of a larger ethnic revival across the Western democracies,9 in which different fibres of minorities have struggled for new forms of multicultural citizenship that combine both antidiscrimination measures and positive forms of recognition and accommodation. Multicultural citizenship for immigrant groups clearly does not involve the same types of claims as for indigenous peoples or national minorities immigrant groups do not typically seek land rights, territorial autonomy, or official language status.What then is the centerfield of multicultural citizenship in relation to immigrant groups? The Multiculturalism Policy Index is one attempt to measure the evolution of MCPs in a standardized format that enables comparative research. 10 The index takes the following eight policies as the most common or emblematical forms of immigrant MCPs11 Constitutional, l egislative, or parliamentary affirmation of multiculturalism, at the central and/ or regional and municipal levels The bankers acceptance of multiculturalism in school curricula The inclusion of ethnic representation/sensitivity in the mandate of public media or media licensing Exemptions from dress codes, either by statute or by court cases Allowing of dual citizenship The funding of ethnic group organizations to support cultural activities The funding of bilingual education or mother-tongue instruction Affirmative action for disadvantaged immigrant groups12 feel more at home where they are.The focus of this paper is on the latter type of multiculturalism, which is centrally concerned with constructing new relations of citizenship. 8 In relation to indigenous peoples, for example such as the Maori in New Zealand, Aboriginal peoples in Canada and Australia, American Indians, the Sami in Scandinavia, and the Inuit of Greenland new models of multicultural citizenship have eme rged since the late 1960s that include policies such as land rights, self-government rights, recognition of customary laws, and guarantees of political consultation.And in relation to substate national groups such as the Basques and Catalans in Spain, Flemish and Walloons in Belgium, Scots and welch in Britain, Quebecois in Canada, Germans in South Tyrol, Swedish in Finland we see new models of multicultural citizenship that include policies such as federal or quasi-federal territorial autonomy official language status, either in the region or nationally and guarantees of representation in the central government or on constitutional courts. 9.Anthony Smith, The Ethnic Revival in the Modern World (Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 1981). 10 Keith Banting and I developed this index, first published in Keith Banting and Will Kymlicka, eds. , Multiculturalism and the Welfare State Recognition and Redistribution in present-day(a) Democracies (Oxford Oxford University Press, 2006). Many of the ideas discussed in this paper are the result of our collaboration. 11 As with all cross-national indices, there is a trade-off between standardization and sensitivity to local nuances.There is no universally accepted explanation of multiculturalism policies and no hard and fast line that would sharply distinguish MCPs from closely related policy fields, such as antidiscrimination policies, citizenship policies, and integration policies. Different countries (or indeed different actors within a single country) are likely to draw this line in different places, and any list is therefore likely to be controversial. 12 For a fuller description of these policies, and the justification for including them in the Multiculturalism Policy Index, see the index website, www.queensu. ca/mcp.The site also includes our separate index of MCPs for indigenous peoples and for national minorities. Multiculturalism Success, Failure, and the Future 7 MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE early(a) polic ies could be added (or subtracted) from the index, but there was a recognizable multiculturalist turn across Western democracies in the detain few decades of the 20th century, and we can identify a range of public policies that are seen, by both critics and defenders, as emblematic of this turn.Each of the eight policy indicators listed above is intended to capture a policy dimension where liberaldemocratic states faced a choice about whether or not to take a multicultural turn and to develop more multicultural forms of citizenship in relation to immigrant groups. While multiculturalism for immigrant groups clearly differs in substance from that for indigenous peoples or national minorities, each policy has been defended as a means to overcome the legacies of earlier hierarchies and to help build fairer and more inclusive democratic societies.Therefore, multiculturalism is first and foremost about developing new models of democratic citizenship, grounded in human-rights ideals, to replace earlier uncivil and undemocratic relations of hierarchy and exclusion. Needless to say, this account of multiculturalism-as-citizenization differs dramatically from the 3S account of multiculturalism as the celebration of static cultural differences.Whereas the 3S account says that multiculturalism is about displaying and consuming differences in cuisine, clothing, and music, while neglecting issues of political and economic inequality, the citizenization account says that multiculturalism is precisely about constructing new civic and political relations to overcome the deeply entrenched inequalities that have persisted after the abolition of formal discrimination. It is important to determine which of these accounts more accurately describes the Western experience with multiculturalism.Before we can decide whether to celebrate or lament the fall of multiculturalism, we first need to make sure we know what multiculturalism has in fact been. The 3S account is misleading for t hree principal reasons. 13 Multiculturalism is first and foremost about developing new models of democratic citizenship, grounded in human-rights ideals. First, the claim that multiculturalism is solely or primarily about symbolic cultural politics depends on a scan of the actual policies.Whether we look at indigenous peoples, national minorities, or immigrant groups, it is immediately apparent that MCPs combine economic, political, social, and cultural dimensions. While minorities are (rightly) concerned to contest the historic stigmatization of their cultures, immigrant multiculturalism also includes policies that are concerned with entranceway to political power and economic opportunities for example, policies of affirmative action, mechanisms of political consultation, funding for ethnic self-organization, and facilitated access to citizenship.In relation all three types of groups, MCPs combine cultural recognition, economic redistribution, and political participation. Second , the claim that multiculturalism ignores the importance of universal human rights is equally misplaced. On the contrary, as weve seen, multiculturalism is itself a human-rights-based movement, inspired and constrained by principles of human rights and liberal-democratic constitutionalism.Its goal is to challenge the traditional ethnic and racial hierarchies that have been discredited by the postwar human-rights revolution. Understood in this way, multiculturalism-as-citizenization offers no support for accommodating the illiberal cultural practices within minority groups that have also The same human-righ.

Marketing Project Essay Example for Free

Marketing Project EssayChina with its macrocosm of over 1.3 billion and the GDP growth rate of 7.7% is obviously a major player in the global market based on its size and growth potential. In recent years, the consumer nourishment servicing fabrication in China has signifi burn downtly grown, driven by the change in consumption patterns of urban Chinese consumers amid the robust Chinese economic growth. A number of Western-style immunity chains atomic number 18 change magnitudely crossing groundal boundaries and looking for growth among customers in China. In provinces and regions of better economic development and instantaneous lifestyles, loyal service restaurants make up a large shargon of the total victuals-service sector. Guangdong province stomach be chosen as a potentially profitable market where the libertine-flying-food market contributes about 90% of the total food service sectors revenue. phrenetic Mex, as a new entrant in the quick service restaurant (QSR) perseverance, is ambitious to penetrate this promising market with the goal to open the first franchise restaurant in February 2014.Situation analysis ACMR-IBISWorld (Jan, 2013) estimates that the fast-food restaurant industry in China will supply revenue of $89.60 billion in 2012, up 14.1% from 2011. The pace of urbanization and the higher(prenominal) disposable income urge lifestyle changes and the increase in demand for fast-food. Chinese people have less leisure time to erase in traditional full-service restaurants and prefer to treat themselves in fast-food establishments. Moreover, the rapid development of fast-food service providers and new brands and food styles with improved chain store contribute to the strong growth of the industry in China. The geographic popularity of Chinas fast-food restaurants industry is consistent with Chinas economic development level. Beijing, Shanghai and Guangdong are three of the most essential provinces and regions in China, which grade for about 45% of total industry revenue in 2012 (ACMR-IBISWorld, Jan 2013). These regions witness the relatively fountainhead developed franchise operations.Porters Five Forces Industry compendiumFigure 1 Forces driving industry competition Source Porter (1980) Industry structure has a strong influence in determine the emulous rules of the game as well as the strategies potentially available to the firm. (Michael E. Porter 1980, P.3) The Porters Five Forces good example introduced a thought of structural analysis as a framework for apprehensiveness the five basic competitive forces in an industry. These forces, which are shown in Figure 1- new entrants, rival among active competitors, nemesis of substitute yields or services, bargaining strength of buyers, and bargaining power of providers, reflect that the competition goes well beyond the established players (Porter 1980, pp. 6). Both potential and established players can influence average industry profitability.The threat of potential entrants is balanced by the entry barriers like economic of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, access to dissemi domain channel, etc. The intensity of rivalry determines industry attractiveness but figures out the extent to which the value created by an industry will be dissipated through competition. Sharon M. Oster (1999) asserts that subsitute products or services play an uneven region in industry dynamics. They can play a modest role in highly competitive industries or during periods of excess production. But subtitutes become significant when demand rapidly increasing or in markets with few competitors. In these cases, the availability of good substitutes influences the profits of the existing firms in a market.Buyer power is varied across markets and constituted by the most important determinants of buyer power in a market, which are the number of buyers and the distribution of their purchase, characteristics of product (for instance, s tandardization of products increases buyer power). In an industry, powerful suppliers can chance upon their bargaining power over firms by controlling prices or qualities of supply.Depending on each industry and the crabbed conditions of the industry, different forces will be more or less prominent in the industry competition. And the embodied strength of these forces determines the intensity of competition in the industry and the potential profitability. Knowledge of these underlying sources of competition in an industry highlights the critical strengths and weaknesses of the confederation, animates its positioning in its industry, clarifies the areas where strategic changes may yield the greatest payoff, and highlights the areas where industry trends bid to hold the greatest significance as either opportunities or threats (Poeter 1980, pp.4). Once understanding these forces and their strategic implications, the company can formulate an effective competitive stratey, which enab les it to defend itself from the existing array of competitive forces, affect them in its favour thereby improves the firms position in the market.Porters Diamond ModelFigure 2 Porters Diamond Model The theorical framework, which examines the competitive position of a nation and its industries, consists of tetrad determinants component part conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries and firm strategy and rivalry. According to Porter (1998), cistron conditions refer to production endowment that players need to compete in an industry. These factors are discriminated into basic factors versus right factors, and generalize factors versus specialized factors. A basic factor is passively inherited, for example natural resources and unskilled get the picture. Meanwhile advanced factors include what nations can create during their industrial growth like capital, infrastructure and highly educated labour forces. The standard for production factors is gradually ris ing due to the improvement of knowledge, science and technology.A nation can possess competitive advantage in an industry when it is able to create new competitive factor conditions and/or upgrade the needed factors. Demand conditions refer to the nature of home-market demand for an industrys product or service considering in terms of quantity and attribute. The size of the home market, the presence of demanding and sophisticated domesticated buyers pressure companies to innovate and upgrade, meet high standards in order to respond to more diverse and higher levels of customer needs. The presence of suppliers and related industries within a nation that are internationally competitive provides benefits such as innovation, upgrading, information flow, and shared technology development which create advantages in downstream industries (Porter 1998). A nation thereby gains competitive advantage in an industry when it has competititve edge in the number of related industries. an separ ate(prenominal) determinant is firm strategy, structure, and rivalry, referring to firms organizational structure, management situations and the performance of competitors in domestic market.The presence of intense rivalry in the home base is important, because it is powerful stimilus to creation and persistence of competitive advantage. Two external factors are chance and governments. Chance can discontinue the possibility of around companies to gain competitive position and some lose. Governments have an overarching effect on all the players. In many industries, government is a buyer/ supplier and can influence the competition of the industry by its policies. Government can also affect the telling between an industry and subsitutes through regulations and other means. They play a role in shaping the condition and institutional structure surrounding companies and in creating an environment to support companies to gain competitive advantage.SWOT Analysis Internal analysis Strengt h Mad Mex is known as a gourmet restaurant with a healthy, fresh approach to Mexican cuisine. Its philosophy is to offer food servicing in a fast paced environment to create a high volume takeaway business but a incomparable and high quality product offer that is sufficient to command a premium price point. This concept will bring it the competitive advantage in food service industry relative to other global QSRs in China at present. By remaining true to the founding principles Fresh and Healthy, straightaway and Delicious, Authentic and Exciting, Mad Mex gradually broadens its business with 15 stores opened in just over four years and makes effort to arm itself with a team of business savvy, hands-on, franchisees.WeaknessEstablished in 2007, Mad Mex is still a baby to global giant fast-food restaurants like Mc Donalds or KFC with its check presence in three states of New South Wales, Victoria and Queensland within Australia. It is regarded as a freaky brandname to the worldwide food service industry and particularly the Chinese market.External analysisOpportunities Chinese consumers are believed to have a positive image of quick service restaurants (QSRs) and good perception of their meal quality and customer services. The average level of consumer satisfaction yet high loyalty of Chinese customers is attracting to Western fast food restaurants franchise to engage their business in this market. According to a larn on internationalist Journal of Quality and Reliability Management regarding perceived service quality in the fast food industry in China, reliability, recoverability, tangibles, and responsiveness were all significant dimensions of perceived service quality( Hong Qin, 2010). As the study mentioned, all these positive perception in turn influenced the customer behavioral intentions in the industry. Despite the increasing customer preference for Western-style to-go restaurants in the Chinese market, the QSRs market share accounts for only 9.8 pe rcent of Chinese gross revenue for outside meals (Datamonitor, 2007). This means the unprecedented opportunity for Western restaurant chains to operate in China.ThreatsThe partitioning of QSRs in China is witnessing a tougher competition between international brands like MacDonalds and KFC and myriad domestic companies like YumBrand and Ajisen. Besides, Asian QSRs are the largest sub-sector in the QSRs in China, in which Chinese cuisine is dominant. It is explained by the fact that Chinese people prefer their tradition rice-based dishes and their price sensitivity when choosing the lower dishes in the Chinese restaurants. Furthermore, for the first time penetrating foreign market, the inability or unwillingness of the company to face dietetic and cultural challenges will lead to the failure in the image of Mad Mex in the global market. To heed in the Chinese market, Western-style QSRs are required to examine Chinese customer behaviours and develop marketing strategies that suit to the Chinese cultural environment.

Pollution control and waste management Essay Example for Free

Pollution run and eat up commission EssayThe Department of Environmental personal business and Tourism (the Department) has recognised that they are not al ways roaring in policing and enforcing environmental laws. However, the Department is making strides to meet these challenges and to ensure that our laws are practically implemented.In marchland 2000, the Department published its washrag Paper on Integrated Pollution and Waste Management (the White Paper). The White Paper pro commits a number of tools to implement the objectives of the flagellate direction policy it sets out. The promulgation of newly pollution and waste legislation such as the amendments to the Environment Conservation Act, 73 of 1989 (ECA) comprise one(a) such tool. The objective of the Environment Conservation Act Amendment bill poster, 2003 (the Amendment Bill) is to facilitate governments general policy on compound pollution moderate and waste management so as to give effect to waste managem ent as proposed in the White Paper.The Amendment Bill go away amend the ECA in three separate ways the management of waste sites will be transferred from the diplomatic minister of Water Affairs and Forestry to the diplomatic minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (the diplomatic minister) the Minister will have the provide to make regulations for the imposition of compulsory charging for identified waste streams (for example, plastic bags) and deposit systems (for example, second-hand non-reusable tyres) and the Minister will have the power to make regulations regarding products which, by their nature, may pose a hazard to the environment and/or human health if and when they reach the waste stream (for example, asbestos products). switch of powerThe ECA governs environmental waste pollution. In particular, the ECA provides for the permitting and related control measures for the operation of waste landfill sites. The ECA specifically stipulates that the Minister of W ater Affairs and Forestry should administer these facilities. In accordance with the governments philosophy on integrated pollution control and waste management inherent in the White Paper, the amendment transfers the administration of these facilities from the Minister of Water Affairs and Forestry to the Minister. economic incentivesIn order to promote recycling and waste minimization in respect of certain waste streams such as plastic bags, glass and tyres, certain additional regulatory powers will be allocated to the Minister. The Amendment Bill proposes a financial incentive approach which will complement the existing traditional command and control approach to controlling pollution. Whereas the command and control approach relies either on administrative sanctions (for example, permitting requirements on schedule emissions) or criminal measures (for example, fines or imprisonment if such permit conditions are breached) to regulate pollution emissions, the amendment will give t he Minister the power to make regulations to encourage the re-use, reduction and recycling of specific waste types.To this end, the proposed amendment to the ECA provides that the Minister may make regulations with regard to waste management, concerning the imposition of compulsory charging, deposits systems and levies on certain waste types or specified items in waste types. The intention is that the revenue raised from such charges will be use to encourage recycling and a compulsory deposit system will promote the collection and go down of types of waste. A compulsory charge on a particular waste will encourage its re-use, for example, the disputed compulsory charge on plastic bags has promoted re-use. The Minister intends to use these mechanisms to impose a deposit proposal on second-hand and unusable tyres and glass.Regulating productsCurrently, the ECA does not give the Minister or the Department regulatory power over products, materials or substances that may cause harm to the environment or human health should these wear the waste stream (for example, asbestos, which is found in building material, friction material and other elements). The Department does not have regulatory powers over such substances until the relevant material becomes waste. The Amendment Bill will give the Minister the power to make regulations with regard to the prohibition, control or regulation of products that may have a negative effect on the environment or on human health if and when they reach the waste stream.