'Outline and essay of Thomas Jefferson Essay\r'

'doubting Thomas Jefferson\r\nI. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1836)\r\nII. A. Education- Was sent to D everywhere, Virginia, where he studied Latin with high- minded(p) William Douglas until 1757. He was then sent to the school of the sublime James Maury at Hanover, Virginia, and spent two geezerhood studying Greek and Latin classics, history, literature, geography, and natural science. In March 1760 Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary. B. Occupational Background- 1767- Jefferson admitted to the practice of law and became a successful lawyer. Also supervised the Shadwell Plantation. Was a constituent of the Virginia House of Burgesses. Took an active part in stillts that genius to the American Revolution. 1776- Jefferson took his seat in relative as an elected delegate and wrote the Declaration of Indep ceaseence. Served as repository of State under Washington and iniquity electric chair under capital of Wisconsin.\r\nIII. Served two terms (1800-1808)\r\nIV. Key iss ues adult in Election- federal giving medication vs. relegate’s rights, westwarfared expansion of the community, Native Americans, the freedom of glower class white men.\r\nV. Opponents\r\nA. First Election (1800)- Aaron bur (Democratic-Republican), John Adams (Federalist), Charles C. Pinckney (Federalist), John Jay (Federalist)\r\nB. Second Election (1804)- Charles C. Pinckney (Federalist)\r\nVI. Vice prexy\r\nA. 1st term vice- Aaron remove\r\nB. second term vice- George Clinton\r\nVII. governmental Party of Jefferson- Democratic-Republican\r\nVIII. Domestic Happenings\r\nA. atomic number 57 Purchase (1803)- The lanthanum Territory was getd for 15 one thousand thousand dollars from France. Doubled the size of U.S. secured navigation rights on the disseminated sclerosis River. Authorized purchase with forbidden making amendment, exercised the chairperson’s implied powers to protect the farming.\r\nB. 12th Amendment (1804)- Citizens are to vote for Preside nt and Vice President separately. Prevented future electoral crises.\r\nC. Non-Importation spell (1807)- prohibited importation from Great Britain of cloth and coat articles.\r\nD. ban Act (1807)- Stopped shipments of food and opposite American products to foreign ports. M some(prenominal) were thrown out of work because of it. Was get tod to harbor U.S. neutrality. Created as a short measure to prevent confrontation among American merchant vessels and British and French warships and to put drive on France and England.\r\nE. Non- Intercourse Act (1809)- passed by Jefferson in his last days of office. Reopened trade with all nations just Britain and France, and authorized the professorship to resume trade with Britain or France if either of them ceased to violate neutral rights.\r\nIX. Foreign policy Decisions- Stated under domestic happenings.\r\nX. Major interlocking of Administration-\r\nA. rottenstone War (1801-05)- A conflict between the unify States and Tripoli, incited by American refusal to continue recompense of tri entirelye to the piratical rulers of the North African Barbary States of Algiers, Tunis, Morocco, and Tripoli. manifold North Africa, was extension of fight about security from\r\npirates in Barbary States.\r\nB. Marbury v. Madison (1803)- Supreme Court of the United States established its authority to review and invalidate government actions that conflict with the Constitution of the United States. First eon that the Supreme Court declared an act of Congress to be unconstitutional. Established Judicial Review.\r\nC. Burr Hamilton duel (1804)- Hamilton publicly criticized Burr, Burr demanded for an apology and a duel resulted. Hamilton was fatally wounded.\r\nD. Republicans attack the federalist judiciary (1804)- Republicans were making all effort to remove federalist judges from power. The house was unable(p) to impeach Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. preserve the Court’s independence and established the agent that criminal actions were the only grounds for impeachment.\r\nE. The Chesapeake Incident (1807)- British ship fired upon American ship that refused to be searched for deserters. Three Americans were killed, and eighteen wounded British seized quaternary deserters, three were American citizens. Exposed American troops weakness and increased the impact of impressments on the public. Would be the cause of Embargo Act.\r\nXI. Major Social Changes-\r\nA. batch’s involvement in Politics increased. 90 percent of eligible voters cast ballots between 1804 and 1816. Political barbeques states, and modernistic style of campaigning evolved.\r\nB. Slave revolutionary ideas began.\r\nC. American Art began to take shape.\r\n1. Rembrandt Peale was one of well-nigh famous of first American artists. Was famous for his portraits of American hot seats.\r\nXII. Major Inventions and Technological Advancements\r\nA. Robert Fulton’s invention the Steamboat, Clermont(1807) make s its insertion\r\nXIII.\r\nThomas Jefferson was a fairly replete(p) chair and receives an overall rating of 6.5. His decisions and ideas were sometimes wise and sometimes foolish.\r\nJefferson’s main destructions were to restore government to its express role, to extend the Republican’s power in the federal government, to establish republican virtues such as independence, self-reliance, and equality, and to descend the National debt as oft as possible. He in any case wanted to expand the nation and make it as powerful as possible. postulate the presidents before him, he also wanted to maintain neutrality, undisturbed commerce, and no entangling alliances. Adams accomplished some of these goals. Initially, the issue debt was decreased. Congress repealed all internal taxes, including the Whiskey Tax. Jefferson also declined to use the foreign and Sedition Acts against his opponents, and coition allowed both(prenominal) acts to expire. The naturalization Ac t was also replaced with a much little severe one.\r\nHe refused to recognize any of the appointments Adams made in the last days of his presidency, and awarded lazy treasury and judicial offices to republicans. He succeeded in his goal and got rid of the old Federalist programs he didn’t like. As for expansion, the purchase of the Louisiana Territory allowed Jefferson to achieve scarcely what he had dreamed of. It also prevented war with France, over the manuscript River. Accomplishing this goal however, contradicted his goal of eliminating the National debt and stringently abiding by the Constitution.\r\nJefferson’s cabinet include Aaron Burr (1801) and George Clinton (1805-1809) as Vice president, James Madison as secretarial assistant of State (1801-1809), Secretary of the treasury Samuel Dexter (1801) and Albert Gallatin (1801-1809), Secretary of War Henry Dearborn (1801-1809), and Secretary of Navy Robert Smith(1801-1809). Albert Gallatin was one of Jeffe rson’s best appointments. Gallatin worked to second achieve Jefferson’s goals in National budget. He cut the army budget in half(prenominal) and reduced the 1802 Navy budget by two-thirds. Gallatin move to reduce the national debt from 83 million to 57 million. Robert Smith also had a significant influence. He oversaw the Navy that blockaded Tripoli to win the Tripoli war and also forced the Algiers and Tunis to release attacks against Americans. The president chose his cabinet because he believed they were the most adapted and wanted to achieve the same things he did. This was admittedly for the most part, and his cabinet was on his side.\r\nThe president and relation back got along very well. The Republicans were in majority passim his presidency so Jefferson had no problems with congress. When Jefferson declined using the Alien and Sedition Acts congress let them expire. Congress repealed the Naturalization Act, and created a new one that required less for c itizenship. Congress also repealed the Judiciary Act of 1801, so Jefferson could appoint a Supreme Court member. Jefferson controlled congress through his leadership of the Republican Party. It was firmly on Jefferson’s side and did everything it could to further the republican interest.\r\nJefferson had to deal with domestic and foreign crises. The nations had built up a large debt, which could be called a crisis. Jefferson wanted to reduce the debt as much as possible. At first, he did do this by cutting funding. But with the purchase of the Louisiana Territory the debt only increased. In the seas, Jefferson was set about with a number of problems. Britain was practicing impressments. Senate passed the non-importation act but he suspended it in hopes of a negotiation settlement. Negotiations were empty-handed so nothing changed. At the time the impressments of sailors wasn’t considered a crisis, but the Chesapeake affair made everyone aware. In reaction, Jefferson did not declare war, because he knew Britain had a top-hole Navy. Instead, he closed American waters to the British, and issued the Non-importation and Embargo Act. War may have been avoided, but by closing all American ports Jefferson created his own new crises. Smuggling resulted and the American economy plummeted.\r\nBy way out the Embargo Act, he hurt his own nation more then his intended targets, Great Britain and France. pettishness was also created throughout New England, and talk of epoch started. To deal with this crisis he created, Jefferson issued the Non-Intercourse Act. The new Act puzzle out the problems created by the embargo, but didn’t prevent any of the same problems that prompted it. The issuing of these acts was by far the president’s greatest failure. Although it was a failure, some high-priced did come out of it. America’s industries grew. proscribe to trade, Americans had to make their own products. The Embargo precipitated the Ind ustrial Revolution. For Jefferson, the crises he dealt with are ones he’d rather forget.\r\nA minor crisis which Jefferson had to deal with was Aaron Burr’s conspiracy, the expound of which are still un cognize, either to establish an independent republic in the Louisiana Territory or to launch an invasion of Spanish-held Mexico. Jefferson acted swiftly to arrest Burr early in 1807 and brought him to trial for treason. Jefferson is not cognize as a good president for how he dealt with crises, it is the opposite. As for his accomplishments, the Louisiana Purchase was his greatest success. The stain was vast and benefited the nation in many ways. non only was war avoided, but a stack amount of land was acquired. Navigation on the Mississippi River was also gained, which was extremely important for trade. This accomplishment was perhaps one of the greatest of any president and brass section in American History.\r\nThomas Jefferson was greatly respect by the peopl e of his day. He was well know as a revolutionary leader and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He was also known and respected as the governor of Virginia. He truly served the people, and was the first president to lead a semipolitical party. Jefferson was a leader, and everyone who knew of him saw him as one.\r\nJefferson was frugal, simple, and fickle. From the beginning, Jefferson made it hap that he wanted to represent the average American, unalike the other presidents before him, he dressed plainly, even at his inauguration. He was frugal in that he cut spending as much as possible, internal taxes were reduced and the military budget was cut, with the expulsion of the Louisiana Purchase. He was fickle in that he did not hesitate in buying the Louisiana Territory, using Federal power. Jefferson was known to believe in strict interpretation of the Constitution and it did not state that the president had the authority to acquire new rule and integrate it into t he nation.\r\nThe president and his administration influenced decisions made by future administrations. Jefferson’s decision to exercise the implied powers the president has to protect the nation set a agent for future presidents. Many things Jefferson and his administration did also stirred the lives of future generations. The purchase of the Louisiana territory would create a whole new group of people, called frontiersman. large number would settle into the area and live new lives. purchase the territory, although causing further debt, was the best thing for the country. It would end up being an excellent investment. Jefferson’s embargo act, also had a dramatic affect on the future.\r\nHe did not know at the time, but the embargo Act would enhance America’s industries, and start a whole new trend. When the president made his decisions they were thought through, although not always good ones. The decisions Jefferson made in foreign affairs were in general correct, because the nation was not ready for war and to stoppage neutral was the best thing. But Jefferson should have avoided war by using methods other than economic pressure. Jefferson was fairly-open minded and would listen to others. It’s hard to say precisely how open-minded he was, because his cabinet and congress concord with him on just about everything.\r\nOverall, Thomas Jefferson was a good president. Although his results were far from perfect at times, his intentions were good.\r\n'